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Canine Vaccines: Adenovirus, Parainfluenza, Bordetella

The sneezing, stuffy, coughing, runny nose trio! These three parts of the routine doggy vaccine are the veterinary version of the flu shot. The good news is that your friends will not catch the “flu” from any of these immunizations. The bad news is that they will not totally protect your friend from these respiratory diseases. However, they do  reduce the damage from the flu viruses.

ADENOVIRUS Type 2. This vaccine is made from the Adenovirus . The Type 2 virus has been the latest and most effective virus used to combat the common doggy cold viruses, of which there are many (over 260 active ones at latest count). This particular virus has been a vigorous defender of your friend for many years now. The symptoms of  an Adenovirus infection of the body are those of the common cold. However, the Adenovirus group can cause simple runny noses to extend, or descend into the lungs into pneumonia or bronchopneumonia . A bronchopneumonia involves one or more lobes of the lungs of your friend. A pneumonia involves all of the lobes of the lungs of your friend. Usually the condition starts as an upper respiratory matter; sneezing, runny nose, runny eyes. Then extends into the lung fields. Pneumonia is basically fluid in the lungs that is produced faster than your friend’s lung system can remove it. The fluid can be watery (easy to remove) to a degree of sticky (harder to remove) , to very sticky (very hard to remove). Fluid prevents oxygen from being absorbed across lung tissue into the body . The Adenovirus vaccine is very effective at limiting the damage from the adenoviruses by preparing the defenses of your friend against such an attack on the basic cell layers of the respiratory tissues of the body located in the nose, throat,  windpipe and lungs . A strong defense is your friend’s best offense! Our many older Village friends are particularly vulnerable to the common cold . These viruses may exist in your friends in a latent, or harmless form, held down by the circulating antibodies in your friends system . Stress can reduce these immune defenses of the body and allow the virus to “break out” of the tissues in which it may have lived for a long time from some previous cold or flu, or some chance encounter with another canine friend. Stress to your friend cannot be completely prevented . So this annual vaccination , included in the booster your friend receives from the veterinarian, goes a long way to reducing the impact of such a virus.

PARAINFLUENZA. This is the “easy “ virus. This group of viruses causes mild cold symptoms, is self-limiting in that almost any dog can resist the symptoms caused by this disease, and is usually over in a matter of a few days. This virus is included in your friends vaccine booster because of  what is called “cross-immunity”. This term means that protection from this vaccine reinforces immunity against the more deadly flu viruses, such as the Adenoviruses . This concept was first discovered in humans when the milking maids of  England , who commonly developed the “pox” lesions on the hands from milking cows , seemed to have more immunity to smallpox, which was fatal . In fact, the very first vaccine for stimulating cross immunity was made from the cowpox virus. So a strong immunity to the Parainfluenza virus group can reinforce your friend’s immunity to the other respiratory viruses.

BORDETELLA.  The “cough” virus. This vaccine, given in the nose of your friend, is not a virus at all.  Bordetella bronchiseptica bacteria are the prime culprits in the kennel cough symptoms that are all too common in our boarded Village friends. This particular bacteria is called an “opportunist” because it invades the lining of the throat and trachea of your friend which has been weakened by a virus attacking the cells in the lining. The secretions in the back of the throat and the windpipe contain antibodies against many viruses and bacteria. Once the cells that produce these secretions and the antibodies are damaged or destroyed in any numbers, the way is open for the Bordetella bacteria to invade and cause extremes of  inflammation. The irritation causes the “honking” cough that keeps us up all night. What is coughed up or out as the case may be, is full of the bacteria, which can live for a long time in secretions. That is how your friend probably caught the “kennel cough”. However, this bacteria can be around just waiting for that next attack on your friend’s immune system by the next wayward respiratory virus. The “vaccine” for Bordetella is not a vaccine at all, but a bacterin. This means that Bordetellas’ are ground up into a soup, strained and purified, and included along with the mixture of  avirulent (neutralized) viruses in the combination vaccine that we all depend upon. An annual booster against these diseases is a necessity.  Please give your friends a hug for me!

DR. BOB

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